![]() Once you have your high-level roadmap in place, it’s time to identify the technology solution that will power your virtual city hall. As the city of Pico Rivera, California determined in its virtual city hall rollout, this approach allows you to make a real difference for your community without overhauling everything at once. This exercise will result in a short list of services that should make up the first phase of a virtual city hall, while helping to establish a roadmap for future iterations. These are often the services most plagued by outdated technology, data silos between departments or systems, large amounts of paperwork or cumbersome processes for the public. Then, identify which services have the biggest opportunity to improve efficiency and citizen experiences. To begin this journey for your city, it helps to first compile a list of the current services you provide to the community. But rather than viewing these individual initiatives as the end goal, these cities are establishing a robust citizen engagement platform step by step on their way to creating a fully functional virtual city hall. Most are beginning with smaller projects, like enabling self-service solutions across channels for one department at a time. The prospect of launching this type of comprehensive digital experience can sometimes feel insurmountable, but steps towards virtual city halls are already being made by communities large and small. Improved trust in government capabilities, processes and functionalities.Self-service capabilities that allow in-person workers to focus on those who can’t access digital services.Data collection capabilities that power efficient and effective resource allocation and project planning.Improved engagement among all stakeholders within a community (internal and external).Increased awareness of, and accessibility to, government services.Through these interactions, the relationship between governments and their residents can become more intelligent, collaborative, timely and valuable.Ī few other benefits of a virtual city hall include: When governments embrace this kind of solution, technology can help to forge a better relationship between officials and citizens through increased transparency, better efficiency and improved accountability. It also serves elected officials and government workers, providing a more well-rounded view of data, increasing efficiency and empowering greater impact for every department. From paying a fine to reporting a fallen tree to finding information specifically relevant to you, a virtual city hall can empower every type of interaction between local government and its residents. The virtual city hall concept is the ultimate answer to this call for a comprehensive citizen engagement platform. ![]() For local governments, I believe this recent push demands a new way for citizens and businesses to interact with their city in the form of a Virtual City Hall.Ī virtual city hall is a holistic solution that creates a digital home base for more engaging and convenient interactions between a government and its citizens.Īs stated in a recent GovLoop article, “When agencies try to deliver real-time services digitally with existing processes, constituents often suffer long wait times and clunky services…Agencies of all types and sizes would benefit from deploying a citizen engagement platform that offers comprehensive capabilities for improving the citizen experience while also giving employees the tools they need to improve service.” Covid-19 accelerated digital transformation in the public sector, forcing government to come up with creative solutions and pushing back-burner digital projects ahead with an urgency we couldn’t have anticipated.Īs a result, we find ourselves and our industry moving toward a new era of digital government. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The man was huge and somehow felt dangerous.Īddison introduced herself as an investigative journalist for the Seattle Times. No one seemed to be around, until a voice spoke up to say hello. Books were piled everywhere she looked, with a thick layer of dust on them. The bookstore was in a dark alley, only a single light in the front and one in the back. But turning the corner, a man sprinted in front of her and caused her to fall backward! Catching her by the wrist, he began to apologize before going quiet and staring at her! He wanted to take her to lunch, but she was in a hurry and ran off without exchanging information. Good things always happened then and made her feel positive about everything around her, especially now as she headed toward the bookstore. The rainy season in Seattle had a calming effect on Addison. Below is a sample review of the kind of stories you will find in this collection. This set contains: Protected By Her Wolf, Saved By Her Wolf, Craved By Her Wolf, and Claimed By Her Wolf Pack. *** Reviewing PROTECTED BY HER WOLF *** The rainy season in Seattle had Contained within this 4-book collection, the reader will find stories of shifters who will go insane without mates, and women on the run from dangerous past relationships who need to find someone to show them how to trust and love again. All three want to claim her for their own, but can Brooke choose just one? Will they even still crave her after finding out she hasn’t punched her V-Card yet? And even if they do, what will happen if her boyfriend tracks her down?Īll books in this series can be read as standalones, no cliff hangers, no cheating and HEA guarnteed!Ĭontained within this 4-book collection, the reader will find stories of shifters who will go insane without mates, and women on the run from dangerous past relationships who need to find someone to show them how to trust and love again. When Brooke is kidnapped from her abusive boyfriend, she’s shocked to find herself in the company of three hot, sizzling beasts. To take Brooke for their own, three hot-headed shifters will butt heads. It’s clear he’s dangerous, but can Sam learn to trust this alpha before trouble brews, or will her abusive past catch up with her once again? And she’s also the only one who can save him after being heavily wounded by a rival. But Brendan is different: he’s handsome, compassionate, a heartthrob beyond anything Sam has experienced before. But trust is hard won, especially when it comes to Sam’s shifter past.Įver since Doctor Sam dated her shifter ex-boyfriend, she’s known how dangerous and abusive shifters could be. To claim Sam as his mate, Brendan will have to earn her trust. But the question remains, is that love strong enough to keep her monster of an ex away? Sure Zander is sexy, chiseled to perfection, and more than a little charming, yet it isn’t until Zander reveals his true nature that Ginny gives him her trust, and her heart. He just might be the only thing standing between Ginny and her crazy ex.īut Ginny didn’t flee her abusive past relationship only to deal with a man who claims to be a wolf. To save Ginny and her children, Zander will have to release his snarling wolf inside. Can Addison accept what Flint truly is? Better yet, will Flint even be able to keep himself under control? But he’s wild, his mind teetering on the edge of insanity. ![]() But to do that, Flint will need to reveal his true wolf nature.a secret that might not sit well with Addison.ĭoes Addison really have a choice? Flint is hot, sculpted from a deft hand, and he’s more than ready to put his life on the line for her. To win Addison’s heart, Flint will need to protect her from a dangerous bear. Can these shifters protect and claim these women as their new mates, or fail to protect them against the monsters hunting them? Find out in this full and complete series all wrapped into one boxset! Women on the run from dangerous past relationships. To win Addison’s heart, Flint will need to p Hot shifters who will go insane without mates. Can these shifters protect and claim these women as their new mates, or fail to protect them against the monsters hunting them? Find out in this full and complete series all wrapped into one boxset! Protected By Her Wolf Hot shifters who will go insane without mates. ![]() ![]() ![]() How come you haven't tested them all in the Procreate/Sketch/etc. I wish it did because it's a really nice app) The look and performance of these brushes is really all in the pressure responsive settings and those don't get imported to other apps (Like Affinity Photo which does not import them properly. There are lots of other apps that say they can import Photoshop brushes What they almost always only mean is that they can import the shape of the brush tips which is fine if your brush is a stamp or a stencil but no good for most painting brushes. For example, if you are an Adobe Cloud subscriber you can share your library to your iPad and use them in Sketch. I have a tutorial or two for some apps but for the most part you will have to rely on the documentation from those apps. ![]() From there you can "share to" or "open in" the app of your choice and they should install automatically. When you check out, you will find a button in your account that is specially for iPads that downloads the ABR right into your iPad. They probably also work in Artstudio Pro on the Mac desktop as well as on the iPad but I haven't been able to confirm that yet.Īs to how to import them to those apps. (Though there are a few that don't work in Procreate) I haven't had a chance to test them all in every app (see next question) They are Photoshop brushes but if you have an iPad, you can import them into Artstudio Pro, Adobe Sketch, Adobe Fresco and even Procreate. To try to be as fair as possible I make sure you get time to download it and make a backup for yourself, 60 days seems like a good amount of time. Some people paid $3 to download the set in 2014 when it only contained 12 brushes, 5 years from now it may contain 1,500 brushes but I don't have a way for people to download just the brushes that were in the set when they bought it.so the link expires. You are buying all the brushes that are available now. Why does the download link in my account expire? You are responsible for making a backup as the download link will expire after 60 days. It's curently $10 for 6 months but that may change anytime without noticeįorever! You own the brushes and can use them forever. What if I want to continue the membership? Think of it as brush insurance.if the best brush ever is released next week I want to make sure you won't miss out! If you just want to download the 450 brushes that are here now you can just ignore the free membership and it will simply expire in 2 months. You will never be automatically billed for anything. The membership is a free bonus and it expires automatically. What is this about a membership? Will I be charged again? Quick Install instructions for CC (drop ABR into PS) watch They can be imported into Procreate but a small portion of the brushes won’t work. Or an iPad with Artstudio Pro, Adobe Fresco, Adobe Sketch or Procreate. ![]() Requires: Either Photoshop CS5/CS6 or CC + a pressure sensitive graphics tablet 60 Day Full Art Brush Membership for even more free brushes and Art tools.GrutBrushes Digital Artist’s Toolset Panel Plugin for Photoshop CC.100% Money Back Guarantee! 100% No Quibble Money Back Guarantee! If it's not what you expected, just email me your order number and I will refund your money.43 Photoshop Pencils Plus every single Members-Only Art Brush not available in a set.Own Every Digital Artist’s Paint Brush in the GrutBrushes Shop ![]() ![]() ![]() Billings came to a total of $149.6 million, showing an increase of +47% year on year. On a non-GAAP basis, Slack reported a smaller net loss of -$0.23 per share.įurthermore, revenue for the quarter came in at $134.8 million and rose by +67% year on year. Slack reported a Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) first-quarter net loss of -$31.8 million, or -$0.26 per share. Revenues have also increased by double digits for the last 3 years. The firm’s growth in sales to corporate clients has quadrupled since 2016, rising from 25% of total revenue to its current level of 43%. Slack has ambitious plans for the future, despite the fact that the company is still losing money. Anyone who has used Slack can attest to its ease of use and the efficiency it provides when communicating with other people via text or voice. ![]() The Slack website and interface can be used immediately to connect to other Slack users directly or in specific work groups, and the basic service is free. Slack users generate over one billion messages on the platform every week. The company currently has 10 million users in 150 countries, including 600,000 organizations, 500,000 developers and 95,000 paying customers who actively use Slack on a daily basis. Slack has seen enormous growth in its user base since its online release in August 2013. To find outmore about Salesforce please visit stock history. Slack’s groupware is designed as a collaboration hub to assist people involved in a common job or project to attain their goals. The company who own owns Slack, is an American software as a service (SaaS) provider best known for offering a complete suite of customer management and enterprise application tools. Slack is a cloud-based collection of groupware (also known as collaboration software) and other online services. According to the company, “Slack” means a “Searchable Log of All Conversation and Knowledge.” Slack was originally used as a tool in the development of an online game called Glitch. You're now an early owner of Salesforce stock (the company that owns Slack)! You can usually fund online brokerage accounts via a bank transfer or with your debit card. ![]() Let yourself get comfortable with the software so you can trade with confidence. We recommend Webull, E*TRADE and Interactive Brokers. The increasing bearish sentiment suggests that the stock could trend lower for the next few weeks.Main Takeaways: How to Buy Slack (NYSE: CSM) Stock Markets now demand massive earnings beat before bidding shares higher. The respectable quarterly results and the negative reaction is another risk for investors. RisksĪfter WORK stock fell post-earnings, shares are still expensive. WORKĭata courtesy of finbox (click on this link to change multiples). CRM (NYSE: CRM) Microsoft Corporation MSFT NASDAQ: MSFT) Slack Technologies, Inc. Metrics Range Conclusion Selected LTM Revenue Multiple 15.0x – 18.0x 16.0x Selected Fwd Revenue Multiple 13.2x – 16.2x 14.7x Fair Value $21.49 – $25.77 $23.29 Benchmarks Ticker Full Ticker Zoom Video Communications, Inc. For example, Slack stock is worth between $21.50 and $25.77 with these figures: The recurring revenue will allow savvy investors to build a revenue multiples model that uses an appropriate set of metrics. Also, Shim said, “renewals are going to be higher quality opportunities for us, and we believe that we continue to add a lot of value for these larger customers in particular. “ The second half of the year has less visibility, although Q3 revenue will grow by 32% to 33% year-on-year. Billings lagged, so as the normal expansion resumes it will continue to disappoint.ĬEO Shim described Q2 as a baseline for building its billings. He gave a cumulative period of two to three years as the time needed to build momentum. ![]() CEO Allen Shim said on the conference call that growing momentum takes many quarters. With the seasonal weakness ahead (holiday period), the unadjusted positive momentum may wane. Slack reported strong paid customer additions in the quarter. ![]() ![]() Open this file with your preferred text editor. You’ll need to modify the /etc/default/stunnel4 file to enable this init script. However, stunnel uses a SysV-style init script, which is based on the older UNIX System V init system, for startup. Modern Linux systems rely on systemd for initializing and managing services and daemons. This tells us that stunnel is running, but it isn’t able to actually do anything since we haven’t yet configured it. Here, you can see that the stunnel service is active, though the process immediately exited. Sep 12 14:34:05 stunnel systemd: Started LSB: Start or stop stunnel 4.x (TLS tunnel for network daemons). Sep 12 14:34:05 stunnel stunnel4: TLS tunnels disabled, see /etc/default/stunnel4 Sep 12 14:34:05 stunnel systemd: Starting LSB: Start or stop stunnel 4.x (TLS tunnel for network daemons). Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/stunnel4 generated)Īctive: active (exited) since Thu 14:34:05 UTC 8s ago rvice - LSB: Start or stop stunnel 4.x (TLS tunnel for network daemons).You can check whether stunnel was installed correctly and its systemd service is working by running the following command: When prompted, press ENTER to confirm that you want to install the packages. Then install the redis-tools and stunnel4 packages with APT: You can also install stunnel from the default Ubuntu repositories by downloading the stunnel4 package.įirst, update your server’s package index if you’ve not done so recently: However, you can install redis-cli without the Redis server by installing the redis-tools package from the default Ubuntu repositories. When you install a Redis server, it usually comes packaged with redis-cli. Step 1 - Installing Stunnel and redis-cli To provision a DigitalOcean Managed Redis Database, follow our Managed Redis product documentation. The steps outlined in this tutorial were tested on a DigitalOcean Managed Redis Database, though they should generally work for managed databases from any cloud provider. To set this up, follow our initial server setup guide for Ubuntu 18.04. This server should have a non-root user with administrative privileges and a firewall configured with ufw. In this guide, we will walk through installing and configuring stunnel so you can connect to a managed Redis instance over TLS with redis-cli. ![]() Stunnel is an open-source proxy used to create secure tunnels, allowing you to communicate with other machines over TLS. One way to establish a secure connection to a managed Redis instance is to create a tunnel that uses the TLS protocol. This means that without further configuration, redis-cli is not a secure way to connect to a remote Redis server. Redis-cli, the Redis command line interface, doesn’t natively support connections over TLS, a cryptographic protocol that allows for secure communications over a network. ![]() However, any time you make a connection to a remote database server, you run the risk of malicious actors sniffing the sensitive information you send to it. A managed Redis instance can provide benefits like high availability and automated updates. ![]() ![]() ![]() Kochava says almost all of their people additionally belong the 26- to 35-year-old age groups, therefore more youthful daters may such as that also.Īnyone who’s been in the matchmaking game for some time features probably observed OkCupid, which was around since 2004. Of course, which gender makes the very first action is a reduced amount of a problem for LGBTQ+ ladies, but ladies looking for guys may find it a breath of clean air. On Bumble, women can be those who reach initiate telecommunications. While quite a few people seek out Tinder for casual meet-ups, people discovered longterm like here. In accordance with the Kochava group, the application gets the highest amount of people of most dating applications online. If you have come on the internet whatsoever, you probably see of Tinder. Whether you’re trying to find an informal affair, a rebound to get over a breakup or your next long-lasting commitment, you can begin by getting one of these brilliant internet dating software. Several of these focus on LGBTQ+ people, users of a certain get older, Ebony or BIPOC users, those with specific interests in keeping as well as others which could not select their particular great day on one of the most well-known software. We grabbed a peek at all biggest dating software when you look at the Google Enjoy and app shop, immediately after which determined five apps that have one particular installs in this facts ready.”īut because not every one of all of us render behavior based on figures by yourself, we in addition rounded this record with a few other choices that could match your certain circumstances. “As element of this data ready, we ‘app chart’ informative data on the unit, basically simply the listing of software attached to these units. ![]() “We posses facts on over 7.5 billion devices,” states Jake Courtright, Kochava’s contribute management. The Kochava Collective, variety on the premier independent cellular facts industry, crunched the numbers to endorse some web sites according to the amount of consumers. Whenever you wanted to get an easy method of what are somebody on Tinder without enrolling, we feel dissapointed about to share with you that that, as well, are impossible without a merchant account.Įverybody knows somebody who found their unique “forever individual” though internet dating but just like internet dating it self, discovering the right webpages individually usually takes some trial and error. You’ll, however, go around they by customizing your Tinder profile that will offer you all the confidentiality you may need! Like we mentioned earlier on, you can not see Tinder without a merchant account neither is it possible to Tinder lookup without registering! Sure, there are providers or websites which let you know that they could make it easier to search Tinder without a free account for a fee, but that’s nonsense because they are employing their own reports specially designed for that function. Whether you need to always check whether your partner is utilizing Tinder anonymously to hack you, or whether you’re the only trying to find an adventure behind your partner’s straight back (which we highly discourage!), creating a merchant account is required. You actually need to have a free account, whether it’s a secret Tinder account or a general public one, irrespective the reason behind the scanning Tinder. The solution to that real question is clear: no, you simply cannot scan Tinder users without an account. However for Tinder users, “Can I browse Tinder without a free account?”, “How to use Tinder secretly”, and “How to utilize Tinder discreetly” are probably probably the most faqs associated with Tinder. This can be to some extent because unlike websites like eHarmony which concentrates squarely on folk desire severe relations as well as others like BeNaughty or Ashley Madison that’s only a hookup site, Tinder (generally known as a hookup app) effortlessly blends both markets. Tinder is definitely the most utilized online dating app around – using more than 57 million people in over 190 nations. Post 5 of 8 for the Tinder Tricks collection Blog Post Articles Can I Use Tinder without a merchant account? Those who follow our very own app referrals have actually about 2 more dates/casual meetups per month. Now, I will be responding to the next questions: Finest Limited Time FeaturesĪ fantastic replacement for Tinder for anonymous relationship is actually Ashley Madison.Īre tinder providing you best chance for triumph with online dating? Simply take all of our internet dating software test to find out. Hi all, welcome to the article on exactly how to browsing Tinder anonymously. ![]() How to begin searching Tinder Anonymously. ![]() ![]() ![]() * Neither Firefox on Windows, nor Edge on Windows support playing lossless content from TIDAL HiFi. “Augmenting” an existing Plex music library with TIDAL content requires running Plex Media Server v1. Smart TVs (see Smart TV supported models).PlayStation 4 (PlayStation 5 is not supported due to system limitations from Sony).The following Plex client/player apps support accessing linked TIDAL content: Related Page: Enhance a Plex Music Library With TIDAL Plex Apps that Support TIDAL Related Page: Add TIDAL Content to Your Plex Music Library Furthermore, you can even add content from TIDAL (artists, albums, or individual tracks) so that it appears alongside your own content in your personal library. Related Page: Browse TIDAL Content in Plexįor those who already have a music library on their Plex Media Server, you’ll see awesome integrations such as albums for an artist that are available on TIDAL, but missing from your library. With a TIDAL subscription (whether you already have one or want to start one through us) linked to your Plex account, you’ll be able to access TIDAL’s tens of millions of songs and videos through your Plex apps whenever you want. Related Page: Adding TIDAL Subscriptions to Plex In addition, we’ve worked out some really great ways to combine it with your own library. To help provide a bridge between those two worlds, we’ve partnered with TIDAL, who has a vast universe of music, most of it available in lossless quality FLAC. The former group often runs into a dilemma: How do we keep discovering quality new music? How do we avoid losing ourselves, and our curated albums, in an infinite sea of (streaming) music? ![]() Digital music users largely fall into two camps these days: those with their own, personal, curated music collection and others who use a music streaming service. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Furthermore, you can purchase or win them and withdraw them to your bank account for cash. However, you will need to have Real Points in your player account to compete for money. Players can start out playing chess online for free, building their skills, and therefore progressing to tournaments that can win real money. The interface at MBChess is smooth and easy to use, even for beginners. They want you to play, have fun, earn money, and not worry about comprising your information at all. MBChess takes your personal security into account when hosting their online platform. There are so many websites and apps to choose from, the variety can make your decision hard. MBChess: MBHiTechSolutions (Win Money)įinding the ideal platform to play chess online free can be cumbersome. → Must Read: The 23 Best Mind Games to Play with Friends in 2022! 4. You can purchase tickets for tournaments in varying amounts and use them to compete to earn real money. Therefore, the winner will collect the resulting prize pot, depending on the entrance fees. in this case, these tournaments require an entrance fee, ranging anywhere from $0.50 up to $100. If you feel competitive, Pla圜hessOnline has tournaments to take part in that can bring you real money. All you need to do is visit the website, create a username and password, and you will be ready to play chess online for free. Pla圜hessOnline: (Win Money)Ī is a popular online gaming website that hosts numerous games, including chess. There is no app to download, and as long as you have a browser that connects to the internet, you can use GameColony. 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For example, they dedicate a portion of their advertising revenue to regular cash prizes for the players. When you play the games, you can earn a ticket to enter into cash prize draws. (Win Draw Money)īig Time Chess is one of the reputable places where chess players can earn real money online. See which ones work best for you and your schedule, and you will soon be on your way to winning some real money. Some platforms will require you to enter paid tournaments, while other websites can help you hone your skills for big challenges later. We have 16 of the best online chess games to play and win real money for you to explore. Consequently, you may end up winning some real money for yourself. Take the plunge and try your strategies against other chess enthusiasts. Many of these platforms have already given away thousands of dollars in prize money. There are several ways to earn cash prizes and other rewards from online gaming websites. If you like playing a game of chess online, then you may love getting rewarded for it. 16 of the Best Online Chess Games to Play and Win Real Money! Although, the opportunities are there if you seek them out, practice, and compete in the right platforms. Not everyone can win money by playing chess online. ![]() But finding the perfect platform that will make it worth your while can take some time and make this job easy for you, we have shortlisted the 16 best online chess games where you can play and make money at the same time. Chess is a mind game, and you can have an opportunity to win real money if you hone your skills for competition. If you have heard of the show The Queen’s Gambit, you may be familiar with the game of chess. ![]() ![]() This site is not directly affiliated with. Whether you have just two Skype accounts or more, Skype Launcher can handle as many accounts as you can.ĭisclaimer Multi Skype Launcher is a product developed. No longer will you miss a call on one account because you are logged into a different account. Whether you have multiple Skype accounts for business and personal use, you can now open all your accounts on one computer at the same time. We are DMCA-compliant and gladly to work with you.The Skype Launcher app allows you to open multiple Skype accounts on the same computer. All trademarks, registered trademarks, item names and business names or logos that mentioned in here are the property of their respective owners. We are not directly affiliated with them. Multi Skype Launcher is definitely an app for MAC that created by Inc. Whenever you click the “ Download” button on this web page, files will downloading directly in the owner sources Official Website. dmg installation file is absolutely not hosted in our Hosting. Here we go some list of an alternative/related app that you must try to install into your lovely MAC OSX Multi Skype Launcher Alternative App for MAC And you’re done to remove Multi Skype Launcher from your MAC!. ![]()
![]() ![]() (12) He and his wife Gruoch were particularly generous to the church, especially to the monastery of Loch Leven in Kinross. (11) For the most part MacBeth ruled a relatively peaceful and prosperous kingdom. They believed that by choosing MacBeth, Scotland had changed to a better ruler- an opinion Shakespeare and later writers did not share. Contemporary chroniclers did not write favorably of Duncan, viewing him as a tyrant and oppressor. The overthrow of Duncan was the overthrow of an unpopular king having intentions of expanding into England and the Orkney Kingdom. MacBeth, at the age of thirty-five, was crowned High King of Scotland. To the foremost citizens of the capital he presented himself as candidate to the throne. ![]() (10) Later that month MacBeth entered Scone, the Scottish capital, leading the victorious army. The Mormaers defeated the king, with Duncan falling in battle- contrary to the Shakespearan play where MacBeth murders the king. ![]() It is believed that MacBeth, as Mormaer of Moray, allied himself with Thorfinn (9). On Augthe king's army confronted the Mormaer's army. The result was defeat at the hand of the Mormaer of Orkney, Thorfinn Sigurdsson. Gathering the remaining clans they advance north, Duncan by sea, Moddan by land. While fleeing north in disorder he met his nephew who told him about his defeat in the Orkneys. The Northumbrians mounted a counteraction and routed the rest of his army. (8) Duncan's cavalry attempted an assault on the fortified city of Durham and were nearly annihilated. In 1040 he opened two fronts, sending his nephew Moddan to the Orkneys while himself leading a force south into England. Over everyone's objections he chose to do both. He also wanted to invade the Orkneys and bring them under his rule. The attack was arrested, but the chieftains prevailed on Duncan to counterattack. An example of Duncan's incompetence that ultimately led to his down fall occurred in 1038 when the Earl of Northumbria attacked southern Scotland. His thirst for power coupled with incompetence in the battlefield resulted in troubled times for Scotland. One month later, on Christmas Day, Duncan MacCrinan, whom Malcolm had previously named his successor, was elected High King at the age of thirty-three. Scarcely two years later his candidacy was legitimized when Malcolm II, at the age of eighty, passed away of natural causes on November 25, 1034. MacBeth now became a candidate to the kingship. Gillecomgain died on a raid on his castle ordered by Malcolm II. ![]() After being elected Mormaer he married Gillecomgain's widow, Gruoch (6) and adopted her son, Lulach. (5) MacBeth reappears once again in the chronicles around the year 1032 when elected Mormaer of Moray upon his cousin Gillecomgain's death. As for MacBeth, not much is known about him at this time, it is possible he was far away in his studies. The reason escaped history, but it could have been that Findlaech MacRuaridh had established a warm relationship with the House of Atholl. (4) In 1020, at age fifteen, his cousins Malcolm and Gillecomgain killed MacBeth's father. The term of study usually lasted about ten years. ruddy countenance." (3) At the age of seven MacBeth was sent away to be educated, a requirement for the children of important chieftains, under the tutelage of a Christian monk- as set by law. MacBeth, meaning "son of life" in Gaelic, was described by contemporary chroniclers as being a handsome man, "the liberal king. His mother Doada was the second daughter of Malcolm II. His father, Findlaech MacRuaridh, controlled the province of Moray as Mormaer (2). MacBeth MacFindlaech was born in 1005 AD (1), the same year his grandfather (Malcolm II) became king. At the hands of later chroniclers- mostly English- and ultimately by the pen of William Shakespeare, MacBeth changed into a despicable ruler, a far cry from the real person. "MacBeth, King of Scotland, ruled a peaceful kingdom from 1040 to 1057." Considered by many historians as the last of the Gaelic kings of Scotland, MacBeth has become less of a historical figure and more a fictional character. ![]() |
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